Bicameralism: means "two chambers," and in practice refers to a government structure involving two houses, or two legislative bodies, that are separate in deliberation from one another. To balance the interests of both the small and large states, the Framers of the Constitution divided the power of Congress between two houses of Congress. Article I, Section 1 of the United States Constitution sets up a bicameral legislature. “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.” The upper house (Senate) and lower house (House of Representatives) have different rules and powers.